John II AV Gold Hyperpyron Coin Christ Byzantine Coin 1118-1143 AD NGC MS UNC
John II AV Gold Hyperpyron Coin Christ Byzantine Coin 1118-1143 AD NGC MS UNC
John II AV Gold Hyperpyron Coin Christ Byzantine Coin 1118-1143 AD NGC MS UNC
John II AV Gold Hyperpyron Coin Christ Byzantine Coin 1118-1143 AD NGC MS UNC
John II AV Gold Hyperpyron Coin Christ Byzantine Coin 1118-1143 AD NGC MS UNC
John II AV Gold Hyperpyron Coin Christ Byzantine Coin 1118-1143 AD NGC MS UNC

John II AV Gold Hyperpyron Coin Christ Byzantine Coin 1118-1143 AD NGC MS UNC
This is a rare Gold Hyperpyron coin with sharp Mint State Uncirculated detail and a nice overall look. Quite a rare and remarkable piece, now over 900 years old! As always, this piece is Guaranteed Genuine. About Us: Quality customer service is a top priority in our store. Thousands of satisfied customers. With rare classic gold and silver coins for their collections. We have been continuously recognized as an. For consistently providing excellent service and achieving the highest ratings from buyers of our coins. We take special care in the packing of each coin and also include free tracking with every order to ensure that your coins are delivered safely. All coins that we offer are. Coin grading is subjective and all posted grades provide professional opinions. We post multiple large, clear photos of each and every coin so that you can take a look at these gorgeous pieces yourself. If you have any questions, feel free to let us know. Highest Ratings from Buyers. What Our Customers Say. The highest customer service possible. This is a person I intend to do business with in the future. An excellent and rare piece overall. This item is in the category “Coins & Paper Money\Coins: Ancient\Byzantine (300-1400 AD)”. The seller is “eternitycoin” and is located in this country: US. This item can be shipped to United States.
  • Certification: NGC
  • Grade: MS
  • Historical Period: Byzantine (300-1400 AD)
  • Era: Ancient

John II AV Gold Hyperpyron Coin Christ Byzantine Coin 1118-1143 AD NGC MS UNC
2022 $5 Gold Eagle Ngc Ms70 First Day Of Issue Fdi John Mercanti Signed Label
2022 $5 Gold Eagle Ngc Ms70 First Day Of Issue Fdi John Mercanti Signed Label

2022 $5 Gold Eagle Ngc Ms70 First Day Of Issue Fdi John Mercanti Signed Label
THIS LISTING IS FOR THE COIN SHOWN WITH ZOOM PICS FRONT AND BACK. FIRST DAY OF ISSUE PEDIGREE! JOHN MERCANTI HAND SIGNED FLAG LABEL. 1/10TH TROY OUNCE OF GOLD. This item is in the category “Coins & Paper Money\Bullion\Gold\Coins”. The seller is “jesse_james_rare_coins” and is located in this country: US. This item can be shipped to United States.
  • Coin: American Eagle
  • Composition: Gold
  • Year: 2022
  • Certification Number: for the coin shown
  • Strike Type: Business
  • Fineness: 0.9167
  • Grade: MS 70
  • Precious Metal Content per Unit: 1/10 oz
  • Brand/Mint: U.S. Mint
  • Certification: NGC

2022 $5 Gold Eagle Ngc Ms70 First Day Of Issue Fdi John Mercanti Signed Label
2019 American Eagle 4 Gold Coin Set FIRST DAY OF ISSUE NGC MS70 John Mercanti
2019 American Eagle 4 Gold Coin Set FIRST DAY OF ISSUE NGC MS70 John Mercanti

2019 American Eagle 4 Gold Coin Set FIRST DAY OF ISSUE NGC MS70 John Mercanti
2019 American Eagle 4 Gold Coin Set FIRST DAY OF ISSUE – NGC MS70 John Mercanti. 2019 Eagle set Signed by John M Mercanti. First Day of Issue Mint State 70. Items Pictured are EXACT item you will receive. This item is in the category “Coins & Paper Money\Bullion\Gold\Coins”. The seller is “lincolnsqpawn” and is located in this country: US. This item can be shipped to United States.
  • Country/Region of Manufacture: United States
  • Fineness: 0.917
  • Coin: American Eagle
  • Certification: NGC
  • Strike Type: Business
  • Grade: MS 70
  • Year: 2019
  • Brand/Mint: U.S. Mint
  • Composition: Gold

2019 American Eagle 4 Gold Coin Set FIRST DAY OF ISSUE NGC MS70 John Mercanti
2021 $10 Gold Eagle Ngc Ms70 Type 2 First Day Of Issue Fdi John Mercanti Signed
2021 $10 Gold Eagle Ngc Ms70 Type 2 First Day Of Issue Fdi John Mercanti Signed

2021 $10 Gold Eagle Ngc Ms70 Type 2 First Day Of Issue Fdi John Mercanti Signed
THIS LISTING IS FOR THE COIN SHOWN WITH ZOOM PICS FRONT AND BACK. FIRST DAY OF ISSUE PEDIGREE! JOHN MERCANTI HAND SIGNED FLAG LABEL. 1/4 TROY OUNCE OF GOLD. This item is in the category “Coins & Paper Money\Bullion\Gold\Coins”. The seller is “jesse_james_rare_coins” and is located in this country: US. This item can be shipped to United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Denmark, Romania, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Finland, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Estonia, Australia, Greece, Portugal, Cyprus, Slovenia, Japan, Sweden, Korea, South, Indonesia, South Africa, Belgium, France, Hong Kong, Ireland, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Italy, Germany, Austria, Bahamas, Mexico, New Zealand, Singapore, Norway, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Croatia, Republic of, Malaysia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Barbados, Bangladesh, Bermuda, Brunei Darussalam, Bolivia, Ecuador, Egypt, French Guiana, Guernsey, Gibraltar, Guadeloupe, Iceland, Jersey, Jordan, Cambodia, Cayman Islands, Liechtenstein, Sri Lanka, Luxembourg, Monaco, Macau, Martinique, Maldives, Nicaragua, Oman, Peru, Pakistan, Paraguay, Reunion, Vietnam, Uruguay.
  • Certification Number: for the coin shown
  • Coin: American Eagle
  • Certification: NGC
  • Precious Metal Content per Unit: 1/4 oz
  • Strike Type: Business
  • Grade: MS 70
  • Year: 2021
  • Brand/Mint: U.S. Mint
  • Composition: Gold

2021 $10 Gold Eagle Ngc Ms70 Type 2 First Day Of Issue Fdi John Mercanti Signed
2021 $5 Gold Eagle Ngc Ms70 Type 1 First Day Of Issue Fdi John Mercanti Signed
2021 $5 Gold Eagle Ngc Ms70 Type 1 First Day Of Issue Fdi John Mercanti Signed

2021 $5 Gold Eagle Ngc Ms70 Type 1 First Day Of Issue Fdi John Mercanti Signed
THIS LISTING IS FOR THE COIN SHOWN WITH ZOOM PICS FRONT AND BACK. FIRST DAY OF ISSUE PEDIGREE! JOHN MERCANTI HAND SIGNED FLAG LABEL. 1/10TH TROY OUNCE OF GOLD. This item is in the category “Coins & Paper Money\Bullion\Gold\Coins”. The seller is “jesse_james_rare_coins” and is located in this country: US. This item can be shipped to United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Denmark, Romania, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Finland, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Estonia, Australia, Greece, Portugal, Cyprus, Slovenia, Japan, Sweden, Korea, South, Indonesia, South Africa, Belgium, France, Hong Kong, Ireland, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Italy, Germany, Austria, Bahamas, Mexico, New Zealand, Philippines, Singapore, Norway, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Croatia, Republic of, Malaysia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts-Nevis, Saint Lucia, Montserrat, Turks and Caicos Islands, Barbados, Bangladesh, Bermuda, Brunei Darussalam, Bolivia, Ecuador, Egypt, French Guiana, Guernsey, Gibraltar, Guadeloupe, Iceland, Jersey, Jordan, Cambodia, Cayman Islands, Liechtenstein, Sri Lanka, Luxembourg, Monaco, Macau, Martinique, Maldives, Nicaragua, Oman, Peru, Pakistan, Paraguay, Reunion, Vietnam, Uruguay.
  • Certification Number: for the coin shown
  • Coin: American Eagle
  • Certification: NGC
  • Precious Metal Content per Unit: 1/10 oz
  • Strike Type: Business
  • Grade: MS 70
  • Year: 2021
  • Brand/Mint: U.S. Mint
  • Composition: Gold

2021 $5 Gold Eagle Ngc Ms70 Type 1 First Day Of Issue Fdi John Mercanti Signed
1986 $5 1/10 oz Gold American Eagle NGC MS 69 JOHN M MERCANTI SIGNED 1st Year
1986 $5 1/10 oz Gold American Eagle NGC MS 69 JOHN M MERCANTI SIGNED 1st Year

1986 $5 1/10 oz Gold American Eagle NGC MS 69 JOHN M MERCANTI SIGNED 1st Year
THIS IS A SUPER RARE COIN. ONLY 69 GRADED MS69 SIGNED BY MERCANTI WITH 10 HIGHER. SEE PICTURES FOR DETAILS. CHECK OUT OUR STORE. WE HAVE HUNDREDS OF U. This item is in the category “Coins & Paper Money\Bullion\Gold\Coins”. The seller is “rechantpreciousmetals” and is located in this country: US. This item can be shipped to United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Denmark, Romania, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Finland, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Estonia, Australia, Greece, Portugal, Cyprus, Slovenia, Japan, Sweden, Korea, South, Indonesia, Taiwan, South Africa, Thailand, Belgium, France, Hong Kong, Ireland, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Italy, Germany, Austria, Bahamas, Israel, Mexico, New Zealand, Singapore, Switzerland, Norway, Saudi Arabia, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, Croatia, Republic of, Malaysia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Barbados, Bangladesh, Bermuda, Brunei Darussalam, Bolivia, Ecuador, Egypt, French Guiana, Guernsey, Gibraltar, Guadeloupe, Iceland, Jersey, Jordan, Cambodia, Cayman Islands, Liechtenstein, Sri Lanka, Luxembourg, Monaco, Macau, Martinique, Maldives, Nicaragua, Oman, Peru, Pakistan, Paraguay, Reunion, Vietnam, Uruguay, Russian Federation.
  • Modified Item: No
  • Coin: American Eagle
  • Certification: NGC
  • Precious Metal Content per Unit: 1/10 oz
  • Strike Type: Business
  • Grade: MS 69
  • Year: 1986
  • Brand/Mint: U.S. Mint
  • Composition: Gold

1986 $5 1/10 oz Gold American Eagle NGC MS 69 JOHN M MERCANTI SIGNED 1st Year
1761, Knights of Malta, Emmanuel Pinto. Gold 10 Scudi St. John Coin. NGC AU53
1761, Knights of Malta, Emmanuel Pinto. Gold 10 Scudi St. John Coin. NGC AU53
1761, Knights of Malta, Emmanuel Pinto. Gold 10 Scudi St. John Coin. NGC AU53
1761, Knights of Malta, Emmanuel Pinto. Gold 10 Scudi St. John Coin. NGC AU53

1761, Knights of Malta, Emmanuel Pinto. Gold 10 Scudi St. John Coin. NGC AU53
1761, Knights of Malta, Emmanuel Pinto. Gold 10 Scudi St. Mint Year: 1761 Denomination: 10 Scudi References: Friedberg 36, Gomez 47.01, KM-255. Certified and graded by NGC as AU-53! 840 Diameter: 22mm Weight: 7.89gm. Obverse: Saint John the Baptist standing facing, holding banner in right hand and pointing to lamb at feet with left. X = 10 Scudi below. Non Greater has Arisen! X Reverse: Crowned quartered coat-of-arms of the Grand master within foliage. Dom Frei Manuel Pinto da Fonseca (1681 23 January 1773) was a Knight of the Langue of Portugal. He was the 68th Grand Master of the Order of the Holy Religion of the Knights of St John of Jerusalem, of Palestine, of Rhodes, and called Malta, from 1741 to 1773. He was a Portuguese Nobleman, the son of Miguel Álvaro Pinto da Fonseca. De Ranhados, and wife Ana Pinto Teixeira. He was elected on 18 January 1741. On 25 May 1743 he gave his name to the then town of Qormi giving it the status of a city. In 1749, one of his bodyguards, Cassar, refused to join a plot led by Pasha Mustafa to stage a Muslim slave revolt. This refusal led to the exposure and suppression of the revolt. This event was then celebrated on every anniversary, 29 June. He expelled the Jesuits from Malta. He completed the Auberge de Castille, one of the most important buildings in the capital city, Valletta, which had been started in 1574 and his bust and arms adorn its façade. Today this building houses the Office of the Prime Minister. He made substantial donations to the Conventual Church, and of the most notable mementos worth mentioning are two large and heavy bells cast by the Master Founder of the Order of St. John, Aloisio Bouchut in 1747 and 48 respectively which still hang in the belfries of the Co-Cathedral. Pinto built several storehouses on the Marina which still bear his name. When he died his body was laid to rest in a monument with a mosaic portrayal of him. This is a major tourist attraction in Malta. He was a friend of Cagliostro. His coat of arms portrays five red crescents simbolizing that he once defeated five Ottoman Turks single-handedly. The city of Qormi adopted this as its own coat of arms and flag. Actually, those are the Arms of the. Family with the enamels exchanged. He had an illegitimate son by one Rosenda Paulichi, daughter of Alberigo Paulichi and wife Patronilla Ramuzetta, named José António Pinto da Fonseca e Vilhena, who married his first cousin Maria Inácia Pinto da Fonseca de Sousa Teixeira e Vilhena, illegitimate daughter of Francisco Vaz Pinto (his father’s brother) by one Clara Cerqueira. The item “1761, Knights of Malta, Emmanuel Pinto. Gold 10 Scudi St. John Coin. NGC AU53″ is in sale since Saturday, May 18, 2019. This item is in the category “Coins & Paper Money\Coins\ World\Europe\Portugal”. The seller is “coinworldtv” and is located in Europe. This item can be shipped worldwide.
  • Composition: Gold!
  • Certification Number: 4790540-012
  • Certification: NGC
  • Grade: AU53
  • Year: 1761

1761, Knights of Malta, Emmanuel Pinto. Gold 10 Scudi St. John Coin. NGC AU53
1988 Gold Poland 1000 Minted 10,000 Zoltych Ngc Proof 69 Uc Saint John Paul II
1988 Gold Poland 1000 Minted 10,000 Zoltych Ngc Proof 69 Uc Saint John Paul II

1988 Gold Poland 1000 Minted 10,000 Zoltych Ngc Proof 69 Uc Saint John Paul II
COMMEMORATING THE 10TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE PONTIFICATE OF SAINT POPE JOHN PAUL II. ONLY 1,000 MINTED. NGC CERTIFIED PROOF 69 ULTRA CAMEO. OBV: NATIONAL ARMS (HERALDIC EAGLE WITH WINGS DISPLAYED) DIVIDES DATE WITH DENOMINATION BENEATH. REV: HALF BUST OF POPE JOHN PAUL II PRAYING WITH HANDS CLASPED AND HEAD BOWED LEFT. HE WAS THE ONLY POLISH POPE, AND THE FIRST NON-ITALIAN POPE SINCE 1522. HE BECAME ONE OF THE MOST INFLUENTIAL LEADERS OF THE 20th CENTURY AND IS CONSIDERED BY MANY TO HAVE BEEN. IN BRINGING AN END TO COMMUNISM IN EUROPE. HE WAS ONE OF THE MOST TRAVELLED WORLD LEADERS IN HISTORY, VISITED OVER 129 COUNTRIES AND LOGGING MORE THAN 750,000 MILES (MORE THAN ALL THE PREVIOUS POPES IN TOTAL). HE IMPROVED RELATIONS WITH MANY FAITHS FOLLOWING A DOCTRINE OF TOLERANCE, UNDERSTANDING, AND COMMON GROUND. THE TITLE “VENERABLE” WAS PROCLAIMED BY HIS SUCCESSOR BENEDICT XVI, AND THE COMMON USAGE OF THE EPITHET “THE GREAT” HAS BEEN ASSOCIATED WITH HIM SINCE HIS PASSING. ON MAY 1, 2011, THE BLESSED POPE JOHN PAUL II RECEIVED BEATIFICATION FROM THE CHURCH, THIRD OF THE FOUR STEPS TOWARD. THE TRADITIONAL FIVE-YEAR WAITING PERIOD FOR CANONIZATION WAS WAIVED AND THE PROCESS STARTED SHORTLY AFTER HIS DEATH. TWO MIRACLES HAVE BEEN ATTRIBUTED TO THE INTERVENTION OF POPE JOHN PAUL II AND CONFIRMED BY THE CHURCH, THE SECOND OF WHICH WAS CONFIRMED BY POPE FRANCIS IN 2013. JOHN PAUL II WAS CANONIZED, ALONGSIDE POPE JOHN XXIII, ON APRIL 27, 2014. 31.103 GRAMS 999 FINE GOLD. (1.0 OZ AGW). 32 MM IN DIAMETER. We cannot declare any package as a “gift”, sampleetc. The item “1988 GOLD POLAND 1000 MINTED 10,000 ZOLTYCH NGC PROOF 69 UC SAINT JOHN PAUL II” is in sale since Thursday, August 16, 2018. This item is in the category “Coins & Paper Money\Coins\ World\Europe\Poland”. The seller is “rarecoincollector” and is located in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. This item can be shipped worldwide.
  • Country/Region of Manufacture: Poland
  • Certification Number: 2737152-001
  • Certification: NGC
  • Grade: PF 69 UC
  • Year: 1988
  • Circulated/Uncirculated: Uncirculated
  • Composition: Gold

1988 Gold Poland 1000 Minted 10,000 Zoltych Ngc Proof 69 Uc Saint John Paul II
2017 P 2 Oz. Gold Wedge-Tailed Eagle Reverse NGC PF 70 Hand Sign John Mercanti
2017 P 2 Oz. Gold Wedge-Tailed Eagle Reverse NGC PF 70 Hand Sign John Mercanti
2017 P 2 Oz. Gold Wedge-Tailed Eagle Reverse NGC PF 70 Hand Sign John Mercanti
2017 P 2 Oz. Gold Wedge-Tailed Eagle Reverse NGC PF 70 Hand Sign John Mercanti
2017 P 2 Oz. Gold Wedge-Tailed Eagle Reverse NGC PF 70 Hand Sign John Mercanti
2017 P 2 Oz. Gold Wedge-Tailed Eagle Reverse NGC PF 70 Hand Sign John Mercanti
2017 P 2 Oz. Gold Wedge-Tailed Eagle Reverse NGC PF 70 Hand Sign John Mercanti

2017 P 2 Oz. Gold Wedge-Tailed Eagle Reverse NGC PF 70 Hand Sign John Mercanti
Collectible Coin and Currency. Gold Wedge Tailed Eagle. Reverse Proof PF 70. Hand Signed by John Mercanti. Gold Wedge Tailed Eagle Reverse Proof PF 70 Hand Signed by John Mercanti. Total worldwide distribution is only 150 coins!! Comes with box and COA. The item “2017 P 2 Oz. Gold Wedge-Tailed Eagle Reverse NGC PF 70 Hand Sign John Mercanti” is in sale since Saturday, August 5, 2017. This item is in the category “Coins & Paper Money\Coins\ World\Australia & Oceania\Australia\Gold”. The seller is “collectible_coin” and is located in Bonita, CA. This item can be shipped worldwide.
  • Circulated/Uncirculated: Uncirculated
  • Year: 2017
  • Certification: NGC
  • Grade: PF 70
  • Composition: Gold
  • Country/Region of Manufacture: Australia
  • Proof Type: Reverse Proof
  • Certification Number: 4560712-035
  • Precious Metal Content: 2oz.
  • Coin: Wedge-Tailed Eagle

2017 P 2 Oz. Gold Wedge-Tailed Eagle Reverse NGC PF 70 Hand Sign John Mercanti
1364, Royal France, John II. Stunning Gold Cavalier Franc Coin. R! NGC MS-61
1364, Royal France, John II. Stunning Gold Cavalier Franc Coin. R! NGC MS-61
1364, Royal France, John II. Stunning Gold Cavalier Franc Coin. R! NGC MS-61
1364, Royal France, John II. Stunning Gold Cavalier Franc Coin. R! NGC MS-61

1364, Royal France, John II. Stunning Gold Cavalier Franc Coin. R! NGC MS-61
1364, Royal France, John II. Stunning Gold “Cavalier” Franc Coin. A very important milestone coin. The first of its type! Mint Place: Paris Mint year: 1360 (5th December) References: Duplessy 294, Friedberg 279. Certified and graded by NGC as MS-61! Ruler (King) : John II of France. (Jean le Bon) Denomination: Golden Rider Franc / Franc à cheval / Cavalier d’Or Material: Pure Gold! Diameter: 28mm Weight: 3.87gm. Obverse: Knight in full regalia, wielding sword, on galloping horse with mantle decorated with French royal arms (fleur-du-lis) mantle left. Legend: IOHANNES: DEI: GRACIA: FRANCORV: REX (lis). Reverse: Cross fleury within double quadrilobe frame. Legend: XPC VINCIT XPC REGNAT XPC IMPERAT +. The first Franc ever minted, the “Franc à cheval”, was minted upon Jean le Bon’s return from captivity from 5 December 1360, and featured combative imagery. This historic coin was issued in pure gold and its standard wieght was 3.73gm. It conveniently coincided with the account value of one livre tournois. A very rare and important coin! John II (16 April 1319 8 April 1364), called John the Good French. , was the King of France from 1350 until his death. He was the second sovereign of the House of Valois and is perhaps best remembered as the king who was vanquished at the Battle of Poitiers and taken as a captive to England. The son of Philip VI and Joan the Lame, John became the Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, and Duke of Normandy in 1332. He was created Count of Poitiers in 1344, Duke of Aquitaine in 1345, and Duke of Burgundy (as John I) from 1361 to 1363. By his marriage to Joanna I, Countess of Auvergne and Boulogne, he became. Count of Auvergne and Boulogne from 1350 to 1360. John succeeded his father in 1350 and was crowned at Notre-Dame de Reims. As king, John surrounded himself with poor administrators, preferring to enjoy the good life his wealth as king brought. Later in his reign, he took over more of the administration himself. John was nine years old when his father had himself crowned as Philip VI of France. His ascent to the throne was unexpected, and because all female descendants of his uncle Philip the Fair were passed over, it was also disputed. The new king had to consolidate his power in order to protect his throne from rival claimants. Philip therefore decided to marry off his son Johnthen thirteen years oldquickly to form a strong matrimonial alliance, at the same time conferring upon him the title of Duke of Normandy. Thought was initially given to a marriage with Eleanor, sister of the King of England, but instead Philip invited John of Luxembourg, King of Bohemia, to Fontainebleau. Bohemia had aspirations towards Lombardy and needed French diplomatic support. A treaty was drawn up. The military clauses stipulated that in the event of war Bohemia would support the French army with four hundred infantrymen. The political clauses ensured that the Lombard crown would not be disputed if the King of Bohemia managed to obtain it. Philip selected Bonne of Bohemia as a wife for his son as she was closer to child-bearing age (16 years), and the dowry was fixed at 120,000 florins. John came of age on 26 April 1332, and received overlordship of the duchy of Normandy, as well as the counties of Anjou and Maine. The wedding was celebrated on 28 July at the church of Notre-Dame in Melun in the presence of six thousand guests. The festivities were prolonged by a further two months when the young groom was finally knighted at the cathedral of Notre-Dame in Paris. Duke John of Normandy was solemnly granted the arms of a knight in front of a prestigious assistance bringing together the kings of Luxembourg and Navarre, and the dukes of Burgundy, Lorraine and the Brabant. In 1332, John became Duke of Normandy in prerogative, and had to deal with the reality that most of the Norman nobility was already allied with the English camp. Effectively, Normandy depended economically more on maritime trade across the English Channel than it did by river trade on the Seine. The Duchy had not been English for 150 years but many landowners had possessions across the Channel. Consequently, to line up behind one or other sovereign risked confiscation. Therefore the Norman nobility were governed as interdependent clans which allowed them to obtain and maintain charters guaranteeing the duchy a deal of autonomy. It was split into two key camps, the counts of Tancarville and the counts of Harcourtwhich had been in conflict for generations. Tension arose again in 1341. King Philip, worried about the richest area of the kingdom breaking into bloodshed, ordered the bailiffs of Bayeux and Cotentin to quell the dispute. Geoffroy d’ Harcourt raised troops against the king, rallying a number of nobles protective of their autonomy and against royal interference. The rebels demanded that Geoffroy be made duke, thus guaranteeing the autonomy granted by the charter. Royal troops took the castle at Saint-Sauveur-le-Vicomte and Geoffroy was exiled to the Brabant. Three of his companions were decapitated in Paris on 3 April 1344. By 1345 increasing numbers of Norman rebels had begun to pay homage to Edward III, constituting a major threat to the legitimacy of the Valois kings. The defeat at Crécy and the rendering of Calais further damaged royal prestige. Defections by the nobility increasedparticularly in the north and west whose land fell within the broad economic influence of England. Consequently King Philip decided to seek a truce. Duke John met Geoffroy d’ Harcourt, to whom the king agreed to return all confiscated goods; even appointing him sovereign captain in Normandy. John then approached the Tancarville family, whose loyalty could ultimately ensure his authority in Normandy. The marriage of John, Viscount of Melun to Jeanne, the only heiress of the county of Tancarville ensured the Melun-Tancarville party remained loyal to John, while Godefroy de Harcourt continued to act as defender for Norman freedoms and thus of the reforming party. In 1354, John’s son-in-law and cousin, Charles II of Navarre, who, in addition to his small Pyrenean kingdom, also held extensive lands in Normandy, was implicated in the assassination of the Constable of France, Charles de la Cerda. Nevertheless, to have a strategic ally against the English in Gascony, John signed the Treaty of Mantes with Charles on 22 February 1354. The peace did not last between the two and Charles eventually struck up an alliance with Henry of Grosmont, the first Duke of Lancaster. The next year (1355), John signed the Treaty of Valognes with Charles, but this second peace lasted hardly longer than the first. In 1355, the Hundred Years’ War flared up again. In July of 1356, the Black Prince, son of Edward III of England, took a small army on a. John pursued him with an army of his own. In September a few miles southeast of Poitiers, the two forces met. John was confident of victoryhis army was probably twice the size of his opponent’sbut he did not immediately attack. While he waited, the papal legate went back and forth, trying to negotiate a truce between the leaders. There is some debate over whether the Prince wanted to fight at all. He offered his wagon train, which was heavily loaded with loot. He also promised not to fight against France for seven years. Some sources claim that he even offered to return Calais to the French crown. John countered by demanding that 100 of the Prince’s best knights surrender themselves to him as hostages, along with the Prince himself. No agreement could be reached. Negotiations broke down, and both sides prepared for combat. On the day of the Battle of Poitiers, John and 19 knights from his personal guard dressed identically. This was done to confuse the enemy, who would do everything possible to capture the sovereign on the field. In spite of this precaution John was captured. Though he fought with valor, wielding a large battle-axe, his helmet was knocked off. Surrounded, he fought on until Denis de Morbecque, a French exile who fought for England, approached him. Yield yourself to me and I will lead you to the Prince of Wales. King John surrendered by handing him his glove. That night King John dined in the red silk tent of his enemy. The Black Prince attended to him personally. He was then taken to Bordeaux, and from there to England. Although Poitiers is centrally located, it is not known that anyonenoble or peasantattempted to rescue their king. While negotiating a peace accord, he was at first held in the Savoy Palace, then at a variety of locations, including Windsor, Hertford, Somerton Castle in Lincolnshire, Berkhamsted Castle in Hertfordshire and briefly at King John’s Lodge, formerly known as Shortridges, in East Sussex. A local tradition in St Albans is that he was held in a house in that town, at the site of the 15th-century Fleur de Lys inn, before he was moved to Hertford. There is a sign on the inn to that effect, but apparently no evidence to confirm the tradition. Eventually, John was taken to the Tower of London. As a prisoner of the English, John was granted royal privileges, permitting him to travel about and to enjoy a regal lifestyle. The Treaty of Brétigny (1360) set his ransom at 3 million crowns. Leaving his son Louis of Anjou in English-held Calais as a replacement hostage, John was allowed to return to France to raise the funds. But all did not go according to plan. In July of 1363, King John was informed that Louis had escaped. Troubled by the dishonour of this, and the arrears in his ransom, John did something that shocked and dismayed his people: he announced that he would voluntarily return to captivity in England. His council tried to dissuade him, but he persisted, citing reasons of good faith and honour. He sailed for England that winter and left the impoverished citizens of France again without a king. John was greeted in London 1364 with parades and feasts. A few months after his arrival, however, he fell ill with an unknown malady. He died at the Savoy in April 1364. John suffered from fragile health. He engaged little in physical activity, practised jousting rarely, and only occasionally hunted. Contemporaries report that he was quick to get angry and resort to violence, leading to frequent political and diplomatic confrontations. He enjoyed literature, and was patron to painters and musicians. The image of a “warrior king” probably emerged from the courage in battle he showed at Poitiers, and the creation of the Order of the Star. This was guided by political need as John was determined to prove the legitimacy of his crownparticularly as his reign, like that of his father, was marked by continuing disputes over the Valois claim from both Charles II of Navarre and Edward III of England. From a young age, John was called to resist the de-centralising forces which impacted upon the cities and the nobility; each attracted either by English economic influence or the reforming party. He grew up amongst intrigue and treason, and in consequence he governed in secrecy only with a close circle of trusted advisers. He took as wife Bonne of Bohemia, and fathered 10 children, in eleven years. Some historians also suggest a strong romantic and possibly homosexual attachment to Charles de la Cerda. La Cerda was given various honours and appointed to the high position of. When John became king; he accompanied the king on all his official journeys to the provinces. La Cerda’s rise at court excited the jealousy of the French barons, several of whom stabbed him to death in 1354. As such, La Cerda’s fate paralleled that of Edward II of England’s Piers Gaveston in England, and John II of Castile’s Alvaro de Luna in Spain; the position of a royal favourite was a dangerous one. John’s grief on La Cerda’s death was overt and public. The item “1364, Royal France, John II. Stunning Gold Cavalier Franc Coin. R! NGC MS-61″ is in sale since Thursday, June 21, 2018. This item is in the category “Coins & Paper Money\Coins\ World\Gold”. The seller is “coinworldtv” and is located in Europe. This item can be shipped worldwide.
  • Certification Number: 3934829-013
  • Certification: NGC
  • Grade: MS61
  • Composition: Gold

1364, Royal France, John II. Stunning Gold Cavalier Franc Coin. R! NGC MS-61
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